Filtration
Useful if the mixture is made up
of a solid in a liquid
If left alone, the solid will settle to the bottom of the container
You can carefully pour off the liquid (decanting)
A filter is a material that allows small particles to pass through, but traps larger particles
lContains holes of a certain size
lOnly particles smaller
than the holes pass through
Liquid
passes through the filter, but solids get stuck
Brita water filter takes solids out of water
Air conditioners have filters that remove dust from the air
If the mixture is homogeneous,
distillation can be used
If the mixture is made of a solid and
a liquid:
lThe
liquid heats until it becomes steam
lThe
steam is quickly cooled and collected as distillate
lThe
solid remains in the flask
l Ex:
salt water
If the mixture is made up of two
liquids that combine, the liquids are miscible
lThe
liquid with the lower boiling point is collected as the distillate
lEx: alcohol and water
Chromoatography
Used to separate components of a mixture that
have different attractions for other substances
Different components
move at different speeds through the material
If the mixture is made up of two
liquids that combine, the liquids are miscible
lThe
liquid with the lower boiling point is collected as the distillate
lEx:
alcohol and water
Chromoatography
Used to separate components of a mixture
that have different attractions for other substances
Different components move at different speeds through the material
Phases of Matter
Matter has three different phases:
l1.Solid
l2.Liquid
l3.Gas
Solids
Contains matter that is held in a rigid form
Has a definite volume and shape
Particles are
held in fixed locations by strong attractive
forces
True solids
have a crystalline structure
Liquids
Particles are not held together as rigidly as those in solids
Particles
are able to move
past each other
No definite shape, but has a definite
volume
Takes
the shape of its
container |